Bacteria, enzymes, and metabolites of microorganisms can be used as the target products of fermentation ......

The environmental factors in fermentation are crucial to the growth of microorganisms.

During the fermentation process, the volume of inoculum affects the reproduction of fermentation products. So it is very important to know the correct volume of inoculum.

Every step of the fermentation process has the potential to be contaminated with bacteria, and a single mistake can lead to the failure of the entire fermentation.

Many foams in fermentation can affect the outcome of fermentation, and laboratory fermenters are usually defoamed by two methods, mechanical defoaming and defoamers.

Fermenter temperature affects many parts of the fermentation process,and it is an important part of the fermentation process.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the key parameters in the fermentation of microorganisms and cells in aerobic type fermentation systems.

When we perform fermentation experiments, the pH of the fermentation broth is one of the important parameters of the fermentation process. This is because pH has an impact on the growth of microbial cells and the production of products (by-products).